How to delete files securely in Linux

How to remove files securely so that it cannot be undeleted. Peter Gutmann paper "Secure Deletion of Data from Magnetic and Solid-State Memory" has very good information. Here are some commands/tools available under Debian GNU/Linux (it should work with other Linux distributions) to delete file securely.

srm: Securely remove files or directories

This command is a replacement for rm command. It works under Linux/BSD/UNIX-like OSes. It removes each specified file by overwriting, renaming, and truncating it before unlinking. This prevents other people from undelete or recovering any information about the file from the command line. Because it does lots of operation on file/directory for secure deletion, it also takes lot of time to remove it. Download srm from http://sourceforge.net/projects/srm (RPM file is also available for RPM based Linux distributions)

1. Untar and install the srm:

# ./configure
# make
# make install 

2. How to use srm?
srm syntax is like rm command. Read man srm. Here is a simple example:

$ srm privateinfo.doc

wipe: It is a secure file wiping utility

Download wipe from http://wipe.sourceforge.net/
1. Untar and install the wipe

# ./configure
# make
# make install

2. How to use wipe?

$ wipe filename

Read man page of wipe for information.

shred: Delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents.

It is available on most of Linux distributions including Debian GNU/Linux. To remove file called personalinfo.tar.gz :

$ shred -n 200 -z -u  personalinfo.tar.gz

Where,

• -n: Overwrite N (200) times instead of the default (25)
• -z: Add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shreddin
• -u: Truncate and remove file after overwriting

Read the man page of shred(1) for more information. Most of these utilities are not effective (read as useless) only if :

• File system is log-structured or journaled filesystems, such as JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3 etc
• Your filesystems is RAID-based, compressed filesystem etc
• In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies of the file that cannot be removed by these utilities.